Method of preparing a lubricating



- permanent product.

?atented Mar. 27, 1945 nirso STATES: PATENT "OFFICE 2,312,414 METHOD or PREPARING A LUBRICATING comrosmon John F. Werder, Lakewood, Ohio, assignor, by diroot and mesne assignments, to The Lubri-Zol Development Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a

corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application January 1'), 1933, Serial 110.652.1119

3 E'iaim.

This invention relates to an improved form of lubricant and the process of making the same.

cohesion and prevent metal-to-metal contact under extreme conditions. I have found for example that carbon tetrachloride has very exceptional qualities as a cutting oil. Up to the pres-'- ent time,.so far as I am aware, there has not been devised a method of combining chlorine with a lubricating oil so as to maintain a stable and 'The object of the present invention, therefore consists in producing a combination of chlorine and lubricating oil of such stable and permanent a character as to be employed in a practical manner. v

vThe present invention is directed also to an improved process of effecting such a combination.

It is understood that the present invention may be applied to various forms of oils including ani mal, vegetable, and marine oils, as for instancethe oils of lard, corn and sardine as well as those designated as mineral :oils.

The degree of saturation and the chemical characteristics are of importance in shooting the combination. For instance,.an unsaturated oil absorbs chlorine more readily than a saturated oil. Also, the affinity of chlorine to sulphur may be utilized. For example, I have discovered that a mineral oil with a substantial quantity of sulphur will readily hold chlorine. Also, a,- mineral The efflciency and life of any unit of tainers in all'siaes eliminates the. necessity of risking possible injurious results. In any event, chlorine is then released directly from a tank containing the same in liquid form and introduced into the body of the oil in any suitable manner so asto cause the chlorine to bubble therethrough. I

Hydrochloric acid is thrown off during the operation and is carried oil by any suitable method. I have eiiectively employed a vacuum on top of the oil to accomplish this result when treating commercial quantities of oil.

Preferably this mixing of the chlorine with the oil will be effected 'while maintaining the same at approximately one hundred degrees Fahrenbelt (100 F). necessary, to mix dry air with the chlorine, in approximately equal proportions, while it is being introduced into the oil.

It is to be understood that the process, as above outlined in a general way, may be employed in connection with any of the various oils above referred to, it being understood that the percentage composition and the degree oftemperature may be varied according to circumstances.

Reference will now be had to one specific form of my present invention, this particular instance comprising the combination of chlorine and cottonseed oil. This particular combination comprises iifty gallons ofcottonseed oil having a density corresponding to twenty-two degrees (22). Baume (lighter than water), and approximately one hundred (100) pounds of chlorine which. is introduced into the oil in liquid form from the cash in which the same is contained. The chlorine is introduced into the body of oil at the rate of approximately ten (10) to twenty (20) pounds per hour, depending upon the amount of vacuum and other controllable factors. At the conclusion of this part of the process, the combination of the chlorine and oil should have a A gravity when at ordinary room temperature of apoil, thoroughly refined to-drive' out the sulphur,

will readily absorb chlorine after sulphur has been reintroduced by heat or some other method. According to the present invention, the oil may contain approximately from three per cent (3%) to five per cent (5%) of sulphur by weight.

The oil to be treated is placed in a tank, preferably glass-lined. with small laboratory samples, I have used metal or metal painted containers with success. In commercial quantities, the metal reacts in an uncertain way during the operation,

but the commercial availability of glass-lined conproximately seven degrees (7") Baum, (above). This combination of chlorine and oil is then heated to three hundred degrees Fahrenheit (300 15'.) or above and free dry air is forced into the same through the same pipe or other means as employed for the introduction of the chlorine into the oil. This air is caused to bubble through the combined body of oil and chlorine for the purpose of driving the hydrochloric acid gasv therefrom. As a result, the chlorine is retained in stable combination with the oil; andat this point of the process, this combination of oil and chlorine is found to have substantially the same gravity when at ordinary room temperature as in It is also preferable, though not Plain o Same oil with base 57) Same oil with base 1 Same oil with base 15 the former test above referred to, that is, ap- I proximately seven degrees (7) Baum, (above).

The compound thus produced constitutes a base which may then be added to any form or weight of lubricating oil as may be desired, the percentage composition being varied according to the character and grade of lubricant and also according to prevailing conditions of use to which the final form of lubricant is to be applied. The

vpercentage of base added to the lubricating oil may thus vary in practically any proportions to the final body of lubricant which includes theof one hundred and fifty (150) at two hundred and ten degrees Fahrenheit (210 F.)

Holding Breaking efiiciency Character of lubricant point Same oil with base l Held full capacity of machine.

.The results indicated in the above table show that with mycompound or base there is a very positive increase in the holding efliciency of the lubricant and also an increase in the load to which the same can be subjected before reaching the breaking point.

The following table sets forth the results of actual tests made to determine the decrease in friction under heavy loads which is realized from my present improved compound or base. These tests were made with a two hundred pound (200 lb.) load and with the same character of oil as Lubricant Load Friction Pound: Watt: Plain 011 200 400 Home with base (15%)... 200 200 As will be seen from the above instance, the addition of my compound to the lubricant reduced the element of friction one-half.

Thus, fromthe tests noted in the above tables, it will be seen that the advantages obtained with my present compound or base in combination with lubricants are very marked, and the practical value of the same is thus very obvious.

Thus, I have devised a, practical form of lubricating compound which is especially well adapted to maintainitself in the form of a film over the metal surfaces requiring lubrication, this particular adaptability and efiiciency being aflorded by the peculiar ability of the chlorine to hold the lubricating medium as a film over the metal surfaces, when these ingredients can be held together in a stable fsrm of compound, as already explained.

This highly eflicient' form of lubricant with its obvious practical advantages is made possible by my improved process by which the chlorine and lubricant may be brought together and maintained in stable form. Thus, this particular lubricating compound is capable of being produced, handled, and employed in a practical and extremely efiicient manner.

What I claim is:

A method for the production of a lubricant comprising chlorinatlng a petroleum fraction containing aliphatic compounds by treating such fraction with chlorine, treating said chlorinated materials with an alkali to removeunduly reactive and unstable constituents and to leave relatively stablechlorinated derivatives, and blending such relatively stable chlorinated derivatives with a lubricating medium.

- JOHN F. WERDER. 

